Title RURALNA DEPOPULACIJA U HRVATSKOJ - UČINCI NA SEKTOR TRGOVINE Title (english) RURAL DEPOPULATION IN CROATIA - EFFECTS ON THE TRADE SECTOR Author Nikol Mustać Mentor Ivan Čipin (mentor)Committee member Tomislav Baković (predsjednik povjerenstva) Committee member Petra Međimurec (član povjerenstva) Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2020-09-24, Croatia Scientific / art field, SOCIAL SCIENCES Abstract Znatnija ruralna depopulacija u Hrvatskoj počela je u drugoj polovici dvadesetog stoljeća, a još više se intenzivirala početkom 1990-ih kao, međuostalim, direktna posljedica ratne agresije. Mnogi ljudi, posebice mlađe stanovništvo, migrirali su u gradove tražeći bolje mogućnosti zapošljavanja, bolju socijalnu infrastrukturu te veće plaće i životni standard nego na selu. Tijekom vremena, egzodus u urbane centre zajedno s negativnim prirodnim prirastom doveo je do nezaustavljive dinamike pada broja stanovnika na brojnim ruralnim područjima u Hrvatskoj, gdje ostaje živjeti uglavnom starije stanovništvo. Udio starijeg stanovništva u ruralnim krajevima raste zbog sve dužeg očekivanog životnog vijeka i niskog nataliteta, ali i iseljavanja mladih. Migracija iz ruralnih krajeva najčešće je izazvana ekonomskim čimbenicima, kao što je nezaposlenost, gdje slaba razvijenost ruralnih krajeva dovodi do manjka poslova u istima. Nadalje, sve veća zaposlenost žena dovodi do veće potrebe za socijalnom infrastrukturom poput jaslica i dječjih vrtića, što je uvelike lakše pronaći u gradu nego na selu. Jedan od čimbenika je i pad interesa mladih za rad u poljoprivredi te sve manja potreba za radnicima u istoj obzirom da su strojevi i mehanizacija smanjili potrebu za brojnom radnom snagom u poljoprivredi. Dodatno, akulturacija kao i sukob generacija dovode do promijenjene slike mentaliteta i privlačnosti života u ruralnim krajevima. Predmet istraživanja ovog rada je ruralna depopulacija u Hrvatskoj, s posebnim osvrtima na njezine implikacije na sektor trgovine. Cilj diplomskog rada je utvrditi glavne čimbenike ruralnog egzodusa u Hrvatskoj od druge polovice 20. stoljeća, s osobitim naglaskom na razdoblje od osamostaljenja. Nadalje, daje se osvrt na demografske i ekonomske pokretače ruralne depopulacije. Središnji dio rada je prikaz različitih učinaka ruralne depopulacije na sektor trgovine. Analizom sekundarnih izvora podataka nastojalo se istražiti obilježja i trendove ruralne trgovinske aktivnosti. Istražilo se kakav je učinak na male lokalne trgovine imala ekspanzija velikih trgovačkih lanaca i velikih shopping centara. To se dovelo u vezu s demografskim razvojem uz diskusiju potencijalnih rješenja za ublažavanje izumiranja ruralnih krajeva Hrvatske. Na kraju se raspravilo o tome kako ruralna područja učiniti atraktivnijima za mlađu populaciju, te koju ulogu u tome može imati razvoj različitih oblika trgovine na tim područjima.
Abstract (english) Significant rural depopulation in Croatia began in the second half of the twentieth century, and intensified even more in the early 1990s as, among other things, a direct consequence of war aggression. Many people, especially the younger population, have migrated to cities in search of better employment opportunities, better social infrastructure, and higher wages and living standards than in the countryside. Over time, the exodus to urban centers along with negative natural growth has led to an unstoppable dynamic of population decline in many rural areas in Croatia, where mostly the elderly population remains to live. The share of the elderly population in rural areas is growing due to longer life expectancy and low birth rates, but also the emigration of young people. Migration from rural areas is most often caused by economic factors, such as unemployment, where poor development of rural areas leads to a lack of jobs in them. Furthermore, the increasing employment of women leads to a greater need for social infrastructure such as nurseries and kindergartens, which is much easier to find in the city than in the countryside. One of the factors is the decline in the interest of young people to work in agriculture and the declining need for workers in the same as machinery and machinery have reduced the need for a large workforce in agriculture. Additionally, acculturation as well as generational conflict lead to a changed picture of the mentality and attractiveness of life in rural areas. The subject of this study is rural depopulation in Croatia, with special reference to its implications for the trade sector. The aim of the thesis is to determine the main factors of rural exodus in Croatia since the second half of the 20th century, with special emphasis on the period since independence. Furthermore, a review of the demographic and economic drivers of rural depopulation will be given. The central part of the paper will be to present the different effects of rural depopulation on the trade sector. The analysis of secondary data sources will seek to explore the characteristics and trends of rural trade activity. The impact of the expansion of large retail chains and large shopping malls on small local shops will be explored. This will be linked to demographic developments with a discussion of potential solutions to mitigate the extinction of rural areas in Croatia. Finally, it will be discussed how to make rural areas more attractive to the younger population, and what role the development of different forms of trade in these areas can play.
Keywords
ruralna depopulacija
egzodus
migracije
akulturacija
selo
grad
sektor trgovine
Keywords (english)
rural depopulation
exodus
migrations
acculturation
village
city
trade sector
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:148:149120 Study programme Title: Economics Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2020-09-24 17:13:34
