| Abstract | Ovaj diplomski rad bavi se usporedbom sustava poticanja stambenog kreditiranja u Austriji i Republici Hrvatskoj, s posebnim naglaskom na regulatorne okvire, kamatne stope, uvjete kreditiranja i dostupnost stambenih kredita u obje zemlje. Kroz analizu povijesnog razvoja stambenog kreditiranja te njegovu ulogu u ekonomskom razvoju, rad prikazuje kako stambeni krediti utječu na financijsku stabilnost građana i društva u cjelini. Različiti sustavi poticanja u Austriji i Hrvatskoj rezultat su specifičnih povijesnih, gospodarskih i društvenih čimbenika, što je dovelo do različitih pristupa u poticanju i reguliranju stambenog kreditiranja. Austrijski sustav stambenog kreditiranja temelji se na širokom spektru financijskih instrumenata i potpora, od kojih je najvažniji "Wohnbauförderung". Ovaj program subvencija za stanovanje, koji se razlikuje u svakoj saveznoj državi, nudi povoljne kamatne stope i bespovratna sredstva za poticanje pristupačnog stanovanja. Dodatno, Austrija potiče stambenu štednju kroz "Bausparvertrag", državno podržanu štednju za stambene potrebe koja omogućuje dugoročno financijsko planiranje uz povoljne kamatne stope i državne poticaje. Hrvatski sustav, s druge strane, usmjeren je na program subvencioniranih stambenih kredita, koji omogućuje niže kamatne stope na hipoteke u početnim godinama otplate kredita. Program društveno poticane stanogradnje (POS) nudi izgradnju stambenih jedinica koje se prodaju po nižim cijenama od tržišnih, a subvencionirani stambeni krediti omogućuju pristupačnost nekretnina osobama s nižim primanjima i mladim obiteljima. Hrvatski sustav nudi APN kredite, koji uključuju subvencionirane opcije financiranja i produžene rokove otplate, olakšavajući financijski teret za kupce nekretnina. Komparativnom analizom dvaju spomenutih sustava ustanovljeno je kako dijele slične ciljeve, oblikovane različitim socioekonomskim i političkim faktorima. Austrija se oslanja na integriran pristup stambenoj politici, gdje je stanovanje dio šire socijalne politike, dok Hrvatska primjenjuje više fragmentiran i centraliziran model, usmjeren na specifične demografske skupine i neposredne potrebe stanovanja. Unatoč razlikama, oba sustava pridonose gospodarskom razvoju i stabilnosti svojih građana, a njihov uspjeh ovisi o sposobnosti prilagodbe promjenama u ekonomskim i društvenim uvjetima. |
| Abstract (english) | This master thesis explores the similarities and differences of housing loan incentive systems in Austria and the Republic of Croatia, with a particular focus on regulatory frameworks, interest rates, loan conditions, and the availability of housing loans in both countries. Through an analysis of the historical development of housing finance and its role in economic development, this thesis illustrates how housing loans affect the financial stability of citizens and society as a whole. Different incentive systems in Austria and Croatia are the result of specific historical, economic, and social factors, leading to distinct approaches of encouraging and regulating housing finance. The Austrian housing finance system is based on a wide range of financial instruments and support mechanisms, with "Wohnbauförderung" being the most significant. This housing subsidy program, which varies by federal state, offers favourable interest rates and grants to promote affordable housing. Additionally, Austria encourages housing savings through the "Bausparvertrag", a state-supported savings plan for housing needs, which facilitates long-term financial planning with attractive interest rates and state incentives. The Croatian system, on the other hand, focuses on a program of subsidized housing loans, which allows for lower interest rates on mortgages in the initial years of loan repayment. Socially stimulated housing (POS) program offers the construction of housing units that are sold at lower prices than market rates, while subsidized housing loans make real estate more accessible to low-income individuals and young families. The Croatian system also offers APN loans, which include subsidized financing options and extended repayment periods, minimizing the financial burden for homebuyers. A comparative analysis of these two systems reveals that, while they share similar goals, they are shaped by different socio-economic and political factors. Austria relies on an integrated approach to housing policy, where housing is part of broader social policy, whereas Croatia employs a more fragmented and centralized model, focused on specific demographic groups and immediate housing needs. Despite the differences, both systems contribute to the economic development and stability of their citizens, and their success depends on their ability to adapt to changes in economic and social conditions. |
