Usporedba ekonomskih sustava Republike Hrvatske i Republike Slovačke nakon početka tranzicije

master's thesis

• Title (english): Comparasion of Croatian and Slovakian economy system after begginer of transition
• Author: Ivan Tomas
• Mentor: Marija Penava (mentor)
• Committee member: Ivo Družić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Vladimir Arčabić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Economics and Business; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2015-09-28, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Economics; Macroeconomics

Abstract

Tranzicija je proces promjene ekonomskog gospodarskog sustava, odnosno prelazak iz planskog sustava u tržišni. Počela je 1989. godine, u nekim zemljama je završena, u nekim zemljama još traje. Hrvatska tranzicija je prijelaz iz samoupravnog socijalizma u tržišnu ekonomiju, dok je slovačka tranzicija prijelaz iz klasičnog oblika socijalizma u tržišnu ekonomiju. Privatizacija je pod-proces tranzicije, u Hrvatskoj je provedena znatno lošije nego u Slovačkoj, a to je uvelike utjecalo na proces tranzicije i na performanse gospodarstva. U procesu euroatlantskih integracija zakonodavstvo, odnosno provedba zakona, se usklađuje s razvijenim zapadnim gospodarstvima. Slovačka postaje članica Europske unije 2004. godine, a iste godine Hrvatska započinje pregovore te pristupa Uniji 2013. godine. Nakon početka euroatlantskih integracija, odnosno krajem dvadesetog stoljeća, gospodarstva su se otvorila stranim investitorima. Strane direktne investicije u Hrvatskoj su, najvećim dijelom, uložene u telekomunikacijski i bankarski sustav, a u Slovačkoj u automobilsku industriju. Slovačke ekonomske performanse u drugom desetljeću tranzicije su bolje od hrvatskih, što ukazuje na uspješnost ekonomskog sustava i na uspješnost tranzicije. Hrvatska se nalazi pri kraju ekonomske tranzicije s nezadovoljavajućim učincima iste, pa iako ekonomski sustav u Hrvatskoj funkcionira kao tržišna ekonomija s intervencijama države to ne daje dobre rezultate. Tranzicija u Slovačkoj je gotova, tržišni ekonomski sustav koji dopušta državi kreiranje politike socijalne kohezije je novi slovački ekonomski sustav čije performanse konvergiraju razvijenim zemljama. Na osnovi razmatranog se može zaključiti da tržišni ekonomski sustav funkcionira bolje bez utjecaja države, zemlja u razvoju s nižom cijenom rada i nižim porezima privlači strane direktne investicije koje su jedan od pokretača razvoja ekonomije i opstanka sustava. Privatizacija signifikantno utječe na formiranje tržišta i to isključivanje utjecaja države na tržište omogućava efikasniju tranziciju.

Abstract (english)

Transition is the process of change in economic system. It is a shift form a centrally planned economy to a market economy. It has started in 1989. and some economies finished this process while the other have not. Croatian target was transition from the workers managed social economy system to a market economy system. Slovakia had to change from a socialist economy to a market one. Preconditions for transition in Croatia were better than in Slovakia because of higher level of market economy and democracy. Privatization is sub-process of transition and its performance in Croatia was worse than in Slovakia. Success of privatization has a huge influence on the performances of economies. It determined foreign direct investments as well as opening of economies by the end of last century when integration to European Union has begun. The highest share of FDI in Croatia was in bank and telecommunication markets, but Slovakia attracted foreign direct investments to production, especially car industry. Legislative and law enforcement have been harmonized according to European Union laws because of Euro-Atlantic integration. Slovakian assessment by EU was nine years earlier then Croatian, who joined to EU in 2013. Slovakia achieved better economy performances then Croatia in 25 years of transition what indicate successes of the process. Croatia is at the end of transition process and its economic system does not perform well. Economic system in Croatia is defined as state-influenced market economy characterized by a mix of influencing state actions and neo-liberal laissez faire. Transition process in Slovakian economy ended and Slovakia has state-enabled market economies characterized by a mix of market-enabling state interventions and policy-making. Slovakia has leaned towards a laissez-faire approach to economic growth combined with policies to promote social cohesion. It can be concluded that efficient privatization process has high impact on market development and exclusion of government impacts on market what influences on transition of economy.

• Keywords: komparativna analiza ekonomskih sustava; hrvatski ekonomski sustav; slovački ekonomski sustav; privatizacija; Hrvatska; Slovačka; državno omogućena tržišna ekonomija; kraj tranzicije
• Keywords (english): Comparative Economics; Croatian economy system; Slovakian economy system; economy transition; privatization; state enabled market economy; government influenced market economy; end of transition
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:148:049702
• Study programme: Title: Economics; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra ekonomije (magistar/magistra ekonomije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2016-10-12 10:50:27