Utjecaj izvoza energenata na rusko gospodarstvo

master's thesis

• Title (english): Impact of energy export on the Russian economy
• Author: Nikolina Blaževac
• Mentor: Alka Obadić (mentor); MBZ: 234570
• Committee member: Tomislav Gelo (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Lucija Rogić Dumančić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Economics and Business; (Department of Macroeconomics and Economic Development); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2020-09-22, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Economics; Macroeconomics

Abstract

Raspadom Sovjetskog Saveza dolazi do ekonomske i političke tranzicije koju prati deindustrijaliziacija Ruske Federacije i privatizacija ruskih državnih kompanija. Zbog malog ulaganja u tehnološki napredak država je bila nespremna na proces ekonomske tranzicije. Istovremeno, proces globalizacije donosi zemljama sa dominantno izvoznom komponentnom nove mogućnosti za ekonomski napredak. Ruska Federacija je najveći izvoznik plina, drugi najveći izvoznik nafte i treći najveći izvoznik ugljena u svijetu. Samim time, djelatnosti vezane uz proizvodnju, distribuciju i potrošnju fosilnih goriva najviše pridonose ruskom gospodarskom rastu. Zbog velikog značaja energenata u trgovini i izvozu, može se reći da je Rusija dobro iskoristila svoj energetski potencijal. Ukupan izvoz nafte, naftnih proizvoda i prirodnog plina iznosi 55% ukupnog izvoza i 88% izvoza energenata. Prihodi od nafte i plina iznose 20% prihoda proračuna opće države i 39% prihoda proračuna središnje države. Priljev naftnih prihoda jača rublju, olakšava uvoz, povećava ulaganja u istraživanje i razvoj, osigurava radna mjesta u naftnoj industriji i smanjuje oscilacije cijena sirove nafte. Ipak, ova sredstva se sve više koriste kao pomoć poduzećima i bankama u otplati inozemnih dugova i za prevladavanje općeg strukturnog deficita. Osim toga, prevelika izvozna orijentacija u pravilu smanjuje konkurentost ostalih grana industrije. S obzirom da su nafta i prirodni plin neobnovljivi izvori energije postavlja se pitanje stabilnosti ruskog gospodarstva.

Abstract (english)

The collapse of the Soviet Union leads to an economic and political transition accompanied by the lack of industrialization of the Russian Federation and the privatization of Russian state owned companies. Due to the lack of technological progress, the state was unprepared for the process of economic transition. At the same time, the process of globalization brings new opportunities for economic progress in Russia. The Russian Federation is the world’s largest exporter of gas, the second largest exporter of oil and the third larges exporter of coal. Thus, activities related to the production, distribution and consumption have the greatest impact on Russian economic growth. Due to the great importance of fossil fuels in trade and exports, Russia has made a good use of its energy potential. Total exports of oil, petroleum products and natural gas account for 55% of total exports and 88% of energy exports. Oil and gas revenues account for 20% of general government budget revenues and 39% of central government budget revenues. Oil revenues have a major impact on strengthening the currency and R&D investment. Also, revenues contibute to the emloyment stability in oil industry and price oscillations reduce. Novertheless, these funds are increasingly used to help companies and banks in solving their financil problems and to overcome general structural deficit. Generally, the export orientation could have negative impact to the competitiveness of other industries. Oil and natural gas are non-renewable energy sources so the Russian stability becomes questionable.

• Keywords: izvoz; energenti; gospodarski rast; izvozni prihodi; nafta; prirodni plin
• Keywords (english): export; energy; economic growth; export revenues; oil; natural gas
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:148:385061
• Study programme: Title: Economics of energy and environment; Study programme type: professional; Study level: specialist graduate; Academic / professional title: stručni/a specijalist/specijalistica ekonomije (stručni/a specijalist/specijalistica ekonomije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2020-09-23 18:09:08