RASPODJELA DOHOTKA I BOGATSTVA U RAZVIJENIM I NERAZVIJENIM ZEMLJAMA

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME AND WEALTH IN DEVELOPED AND UNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRIES
• Author: Tea Marolin
• Mentor: Helena Nikolić (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Economics and Business; (Department of Trade and International Business); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-09-28, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Economics; Trade and Tourism

Abstract

Današnja globalna nejednakost mogućnosti znači da je za životne uvjete najvažnija dobra ili loša sreća mjesta rođenja. Nejednakost među zemljama nije jedini aspekt koji treba uzeti u obzir. Nejednakosti unutar zemalja i društava - regionalne razlike, rasne razlike, rodne razlike i nejednakosti u drugim dimenzijama - također mogu biti velike, a sve su izvan vlastite kontrole bilo kojeg pojedinca i na isti način nepravedne. Postoje različiti načini mjerenja ekonomske nejednakosti. Izbor mjere ne mijenja dramatično kako nejednakost izgleda. Važno je razlikovati nejednakost od bogatstva i siromaštva. Bogata zemlja može biti relativno nejednaka, a siromašna zemlja može biti relativno jednaka. Mnogi su učinci siromaštva dobro poznati. Najveći Ginijev koeficijent ostvaruje Kina, potom slijedi Australija, Švedska te Nizozemska. Što se tiče podataka o nerazvijenim zemljama oni nažalost nisu kompletni. Kada se analiziraju podaci za 2018. godinu najveći Ginijev koeficijent ima Sijera Leone, potom slijedi Liberija te Nigerija. Smanjenje siromaštva postignuto samo rastom možda neće biti dovoljno brzo, osobito ako je početna raspodjela bogatstva, uključujući i zemlju, vrlo neravnomjerna. Ako se izvediviji i realniji koncept jednakosti dohotka može ugraditi u Ginijev koeficijent, on može pružiti korisnu smjernicu za realnu i praktičnu raspodjelu dohotka, jamčeći maksimiziranje sveukupne socijalne skrbi bez ometanja ukupne gospodarske učinkovitosti.

Abstract (english)

Today’s global inequality of opportunity means that good or bad luck of birthplace is paramount to living conditions. Inequality between countries is not the only aspect to consider. Inequalities within countries and societies - regional differences, racial differences, gender differences and inequalities in other dimensions - can also be large, and all are beyond the control of any individual and equally unjust. There are different ways to measure economic inequality. The choice of measure does not change dramatically what inequality looks like. It is important to distinguish inequality from wealth and poverty. A rich country can be relatively unequal, and a poor country can be relatively equal. Many of the effects of poverty are well known. The highest Gini coefficient is achieved by China, followed by Australia, Sweden and the Netherlands. As for the data on underdeveloped countries, they are unfortunately not complete. When analyzing the data for 2018, Sierra Leone has the highest Gini coefficient, followed by Liberia and Nigeria. Poverty reduction achieved through growth alone may not be fast enough, especially if the initial distribution of wealth, including land, is very uneven. If a more feasible and realistic concept of income equality can be built into the Gini coefficient, it can provide useful guidance for a realistic and practical distribution of income, guaranteeing maximization of overall social welfare without hampering overall economic efficiency.

• Keywords: globalna nejednakost; mjerenje; Ginijev koeficijent; gospodarska učinkovitost
• Keywords (english): global inequality; measurement; Gini coefficient; economic efficiency.
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:148:022913
• Study programme: Title: Business Economics; Study programme type: professional; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: stručni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica ekonomije (stručni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica ekonomije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2021-09-29 11:54:06