Utjecaj rasta broja automobila na električni pogon na rast troškova kućanstava za električnu energiju

master's thesis

• Title (english): The impact of the growth in the number of electric cars on the growth of household electricity costs
• Author: Dario Deriš
• Mentor: Tomislav Gelo (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Economics and Business; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-07-18, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Economics; Macroeconomics

Abstract

Automobili na električni pogon zauzimaju sve veći udio na tržištu novih automobila. Napretkom i razvojem tehnologije zadnjih desetak godina automobili na električni pogon postali su važan element smanjenja emisije stakleničkih plinova i energetske tranzicije. Zbog sveprisutnosti svijesti o očuvanju okoliša, događaju se i mnoge promjene u automobilskoj industriji. Automobili na električni pogon imaju određene prednosti nad automobilima na fosilna goriva. Najvažnija prednost je da ne ispuštaju emisije ugljičnog dioksida nakon sagorijevanja fosilnih goriva. Gotovo su bešumni, lako se pune te se lakše održavaju. Sa sve većim brojem automobila na električni raste i potrošnja električne energije, a to utječe na rast troškova kućanstava koji će imati ili već imaju svoju punionicu za automobil na električni pogon. Povećana prihvaćenost automobila na električni pogon imati će važnu ulogu u ispunjenju cilja EU-a da do 2050. godine postane klimatski neutralno gospodarstvo. Upravo takvi automobili povećavaju mobilnost i u pravilu su energetski učinkovitiji od automobila koji koriste fosilna goriva .
Kako će ljudi sve više koristiti automobile na električni pogon, tako će doći i do porasta potrošnje električne energije u kućanstvima. Naravno, taj porast ovisit će o brzini uvođenja infrastrukture za punjenje u stambene i poslovne objekte. Provedena su i istraživanja o povezanosti automobila na električni pogon i električne energije u kućanstvima Već će do 2025. godine prodaja automobila na električni pogon porasti će do 10%, dok će do 2040. godine taj postotak biti oko 58%. Iako ljudi još uvijek dvoje oko kupnje jer je početna investicija velika, na dugoročne staze ovakva vrsta automobila je isplativa. Kroz par godina će njihova početna cijena biti nešto niža jer se već sad mogu primijetiti znatno niže cijene litiji – ionskih baterija.
Vidljiva je korelacija između porasta broja automobila na električni pogon te rasta troškova kućanstava za električnu energiju. U radu se pokazalo kako s povećanjem broja automobila na električni pogon također dolazi do porasta troškova električne energije u kućanstvima.

Abstract (english)

Electric cars are becoming more and more popular. With the advancement and development of technology over the last ten years, electric cars have become an important element in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and environmental impact. Due to the ubiquity of environmental awareness, many changes are also taking place in the automotive industry. Electric cars have certain advantages over fossil fuel cars. Some of the advantages are: they are almost noiseless, easy to recharge and easier to maintain. With the growing number of electric cars, there will be an increase in electricity consumption and this will increase the household costs that will have their own charging station for their electric cars. Increased acceptance of electric cars can play an important role in meeting the EU's goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 80% -95% by 2050. Such cars increase mobility and are generally more energy efficient than cars that use fossil fuels.
As people will use electric cars more and more,that will cause an increase in electricity consumption in households. This increase will depend on the speed of adapting charging infrastructures in residential and commercial buildings. Experts engaged in research on the connection between electric cars and electricity increase consumption in households came to the following conclusion; by 2025, sales of electric cars will increase by 10%, and until 2040 they predict that that percentage will be around 58%. Although people are still hesitant about buying electric cars because the initial investment is larger than for petrol cars, in the long run this type of car is more cost effective. In a few years we will notice lower prices since already now we see a significant decline in prices of lithium-ion batteries. There is a visible correlation between the increase in the number of electric cars and the increase in household electricity costs. The paper showes that with the increase in the number of electric cars, there will also be an increase in electricity costs in households.

• Keywords: automobili na električni pogon; punionice; električna energija; troškovi električne energije; troškovi kućanstava
• Keywords (english): electric cars; charging stations; energy sources; electricity; electricity costs; household costs
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:148:543720
• Study programme: Title: Economics of energy and environment; Study programme type: professional; Study level: specialist graduate; Academic / professional title: stručni/a specijalist/specijalistica ekonomije (stručni/a specijalist/specijalistica ekonomije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2022-07-19 07:41:29