Obrnuta hipoteka kao suvremeni financijski instrument financiranja starijih i potencijal njene primjene u Republici Hrvatskoj

master's thesis

• Title (english): Reverse mortgage as a modern financial instrument for financing the elderly and the potential of its application in Republic of Croatia
• Author: Ana Barišić
• Mentor: Ana Pavković (mentor)
• Committee member: Mihovil Anđelinović (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Jakša Krišto (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Economics and Business; (Department of Finance); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-09-12, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Economics; Finance

Abstract

Demografsko starenje trend je koji obilježava gotovo sve zapadne zemlje, zajedno s Republikom Hrvatskom. Nezavidna situacija prisutna je u mirovinskom sustavu gdje se iz godine u godinu smanjuje broj zaposlenih osoba iz čijih plaća se isplaćuju trenutne mirovine uz istodobno produljenje životnog vijeka i povećanje broja umirovljenika. Također, i zdravstveni sustav ima svoje poteškoće. Tehnološki napredak i rastući broj starih uzrokuje povećane troškove zdravstvene skrbi, koji za veliki broj ljudi postaju preskupi za priuštiti si odlaskom u mirovinu. Iz navedenih razloga, društvo i pojedinci dužni su pronaći rješenja prisutnih problema kako bi umirovljenici imali dostojan život nakon završetka radnog vijeka. Kao jedno od rješenja navedenih problema nameće se obrnuta hipoteka – financijski instrument namijenjen financiranju starijih osoba koje posjeduju vlastitu nekretninu.
Obrnuta hipoteka jedan je od novijih financijskih proizvoda koji se intenzivnije počeo koristiti 1980-ih godina u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama gdje je i danas najzastupljeniji. Široko primjenjivani opis obrnute hipoteke je „kredit koji se ne otplaćuje za života“ koji opisuje njezinu srž. Zajmoprimci najčešće nakon 62. godine ostvaruju pravo na odobravanje obrnute hipoteke te primaju sredstva na temelju vrijednosti nekretnine, koja nisu dužni vratiti do kraja života ili do preseljenja i prestanka života u navedenoj nekretnini, a kreditori se po zatvaranju ugovora naplaćuju iz vrijednosti nekretnine. Ovakav način financiranja rastućih troškova starijih osoba pogodan je za društva s visokim udjelom vlasništva nad nekretninama kao što je Republika Hrvatska.
Cilj rada je prikazati mogućnosti financiranja starijih osoba koje ovaj proizvod nudi, zajedno s prikazom prednosti i nedostataka koje je važno upoznati. Uz to, opisuje se i potencijal primjene obrnute hipoteke na financijskom tržištu Republike Hrvatske.

Abstract (english)

Demographic aging is a trend that characterizes almost all Western countries, including the Republic of Croatia. The pension systems are facing difficulties of constant decrease of the number of employed people from whose salaries current pensions are paid, while the life expectancy is simultaneously increasing, just like the number of pensioners. Also, the healthcare systems have their own difficulties. Technological advances and a growing number of elderly people are causing increased health care costs, which for many people become too expensive to afford in retirement. For the above reasons, society and individuals are obliged to find solutions to the existing problems so that pensioners can have a dignified life after the end of their working life. One of the solutions to the mentioned problems is a reverse mortgage – a financial instrument for financing elderly people who own their own real estate.
The reverse mortgage is a relatively new financial product that is used more intensively since the 1980s in the United States of America, where it is still used the most. A widely used description of a reverse mortgage is „a loan that is not repaid during the lifetime“ that describes its main core. Borrowers can usually sign a reverse mortgage after the age of 62 and they receive money based on the value of the real estate, which they are not required to repay until the end of their lives or until they move out from the real estate. Creditors are charged from the value of the real estate after closing the contract. This way of financing the growing costs of the elderly is suitable for societies with a high share of real estate ownership, such as the Republic of Croatia.
The aim of this paper is to show the financing options for the elderly that this product offers, along with the advantages and disadvantages which are important to know. In addition, the potential of reverse mortgage application on the financial market of the Republic of Croatia is also described.

• Keywords: obrnuta hipoteka; financijski instrument; starije stanovništvo; demografsko starenje; financijska isključenost
• Keywords (english): reverse mortgage; financial instrument; elderly people; demographic aging; financial exclusion
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:148:993182
• Study programme: Title: Business Economics; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra ekonomije (magistar/magistra ekonomije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-09-13 17:48:09