Analiza čimbenika niskog fertiliteta u europskim zemljama

master's thesis

• Title (croatian): Analysis of factors contributing to low fertility in european countries
• Author: Iva Tomić
• Mentor: Petra Međimurec (mentor)
• Committee member: Ivan Čipin (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Šime Smolić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Economics and Business; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-09-24, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Economics

Abstract

Fertilitet je u europskim zemljama već dugo na niskoj razini, što dovodi do demografskog
starenja, popraćenog ekonomskim izazovima. Pad fertiliteta tradicionalno se povezivao s
ekonomskim razvojem i porastom zaposlenosti žena. Međutim, novija istraživanja sugeriraju
da je u razvijenim zemljama došlo do promjena u ovim odnosima i danas, kad je stopa
zaposlenosti žena veća nego što je bila prije, mnoge žene preferiraju moći kombinirati
majčinstvo i karijeru. Ipak, među zemljama postoje razlike u tome koliko je zaposlenost žena
kompatibilna s obiteljskim životom, što među ostalim ovisi o javnim politikama i sudjelovanju
očeva u skrbi o djeci i poslovima u kućanstvu. Glavni je cilj diplomskog rada istražiti čimbenike
niskog fertiliteta u europskim zemljama, s naglaskom na socioekonomskom statusu žena. U
radu se opisuju trendovi u fertilitetu i obrađuje se literatura o odrednicama fertiliteta u
razvijenim zemljama. Koristeći se podacima iz relevantnih baza podataka poput EUROSTAT
a, empirijski se testiraju čimbenici povezani s razinom fertiliteta u europskim zemljama koji su
identificirani pregledom literature. Rezultati provedene analize sugeriraju da je totalna stopa
fertiliteta pozitivno povezana sa stopama zaposlenosti žena, udjelom muškaraca koji sudjeluju
u kućanskim poslovima i izdatcima za obitelj i djecu, no zanimljiv je nalaz da se s vremenom
te korelacije mijenjaju. Rasprava uspoređuje dobivene rezultate s drugim istraživanjima i
razmatra njihovu važnost za javne politike usmjerene na podizanje niskog fertiliteta.

Abstract (english)

Fertility in European countries has been at a low level for a long time, leading to demographic
aging, accompanied by economic challenges. The decline in fertility has traditionally been
associated with economic development and the increase in women's employment. However,
recent research suggests that in developed countries there have been changes in these
relationships and today, when the employment rate of women is higher than it was before, many
women prefer to be able to combine motherhood and career. However, there are differences
between countries in how compatible women's employment is with family life, which depends,
among other things, on public policies and fathers' participation in childcare and household
chores. The main goal of the thesis is to investigate the factors of low fertility in European
countries, with an emphasis on the socioeconomic status of women. The paper describes trends
in fertility and discusses the literature on determinants of fertility in developed countries. Using
data from relevant databases such as EUROSTAT, the factors associated with the level of
fertility in European countries that have been identified through a literature review are
empirically tested. The results of the analysis suggest that the total fertility rate is positively
related to the employment rates of women, the share of men participating in household chores
and expenditures for family and children, but it is an interesting finding that these correlations
change over time. The discussion compares the obtained results with other research and
considers their importance for public policies aimed at raising low fertility.

• Keywords: nizak fertilitet; europske zemlje; socioekonomski status žena; nejednakost među spolovima; politike za usklađivanje obiteljskog i poslovnog života
• Keywords (english): low fertility; European countries; socioeconomic status of women; gender inequality; work-life balance policies
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:148:231433
• Study programme: Title: /; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni magistar ekonomije/sveučilišna magistra ekonomije (sveučilišni magistar ekonomije/sveučilišna magistra ekonomije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-09-25 13:12:21